访中国—东盟商务理事会执行理事长：今年东盟经济呈复苏态势******
中新社北京12月6日电 题：访中国—东盟商务理事会执行理事长：今年东盟经济呈复苏态势
作者 刘文文
近三年来，比邻而居的中国与东盟互为最大贸易伙伴和重要的投资合作伙伴。2022年终将至，东盟今年经济形势如何？中国与东盟贸易情况如何？中新社近日就此采访了中国—东盟商务理事会执行理事长、RCEP产业合作委员会主席、中国首席东盟商务专家许宁宁。
谈及今年东盟地区经济总体形势，他表示，东盟地区经济增长率2020年是-3.2%，2021年为3.0%，预计今明两年将达4.9%和5.2%。预计今年东盟十国中越南、菲律宾、马来西亚经济增速位于前列。
先说越南，许宁宁提到，越南政府预测今年越南经济将增长8%。第三季度，越南GDP增速超出预期，同比增长13.67%，使前9月GDP增速达到8.83%。
前11月，越南宏观经济保持平稳，核心通胀率控制在既定目标4%以下。前11月，越南货物贸易达6738.2亿美元，同比增长11.8%。从国别看，中国是越南最大的进口国，美国是越南最大的出口国。
他还透露，越南是东盟签署自由贸易协定最多的国家之一，仅次于新加坡。目前，越南参加了15项自由贸易协定，为越南经济复苏创造了有利条件。
再说菲律宾，许宁宁介绍，第三季度菲律宾经济增速快于预期，增长7.6%；前9月，增长7.7%。预计全年将超过菲律宾政府6.5-7.5%的年度增长目标。
但他也提醒，尽管第三季度的经济表现好于预期，菲律宾仍面临通胀飙升和利率上升的不利因素，10月份通胀率达到7.7%，为14年来最高。
提到马来西亚，许宁宁介绍，第三季度经济增长14.2%，前9个月同比经济增长9.36%，经济增长主要推动力是私人消费和投资增长、大量出口和有利的基数效应。预计今年全年马来西亚经济增长将达7%。
谈及中国与越南、菲律宾、马来西亚的贸易情况时，他说，前10月，中国与越南贸易增长3.5%，中国与菲律宾贸易增长10.0%，中国与马来西亚贸易增长20.1%。
以越南、菲律宾、马来西亚为代表，目前，东盟呈现经济复苏态势，成为全球经济中的稳定地区。然而，当前全球经济增速放缓、全球产业链供应链受阻不畅、全球及区域通胀压力加大、能源危机和粮食危机等多重负面因素叠加影响的形势，使得具外向型特点的东盟经济面临着严峻考验。
许宁宁进一步说，为此，东盟正在着力推进共同体建设，落实《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)和提升有关多边双边自由贸易协定的开放水平，开创数字经济、绿色经济新增长空间，深化与对话伙伴合作。
他强调，东盟地区在中国实施共建“一带一路”、“双循环”经济发展对外循环中具有重要的位置。当前，中国与东盟各国正在中国—东盟全面战略伙伴关系建设中推进经济合作，携手发展。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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